FTP greeting banners are now a C2 channel, and they are carrying two new RATs
SOCRadar says attackers have used FTP server login banners as dead-drop resolvers since early July 2026 to stage two undocumented remote access trojans, E4del and PINHOLE.
The Watch · Security desk

What happened
- Threat actors are abusing FTP banners to hide commands that deliver two previously undocumented remote access trojans named E4del and PINHOLE.
- MalwareHunterTeam observed the technique in July in an attack that used shortcut files (.LNK) and FTP server banners as dead-drop resolvers to retrieve commands.
- FTP banners are text strings the server uses as a greeting message for connecting hosts before they log in.
- By embedding commands in the initial response sent when a compromised system connects to an FTP server, a malware stager can receive instructions from a remote server.
- After discovering FTP banners delivering malicious commands during an investigation, researchers at threat intelligence platform SOCRadar expanded their hunt and found the technique remains in use.
Why it matters
A malware stager is now reading its instructions out of the text an FTP server sends before anyone logs in, and that text is being used to deliver two previously undocumented remote access trojans called E4del and PINHOLE [1]. FTP banners are just greeting strings returned to a connecting host prior to authentication, which means the malicious content arrives inside a step that looks like protocol politeness rather than a download [12][13].
MalwareHunterTeam saw the technique in July in an attack that paired shortcut files with FTP banners used as dead-drop resolvers to fetch commands [2]. Researchers at SOCRadar, who ran into the same trick during an investigation and then went hunting, say the chain begins with a ZIP archive that triggers an LNK-based infection, with initial compromise likely by phishing [14][3]. Both infection routes end the same way: a PowerShell script pulled out of an FTP banner [4]. Using FOFA searches, SOCRadar states the technique "has been weaponized since early July 2026 and remains operational, with new infrastructure observed as recently as August 2026" [15], meaning the infrastructure has stayed alive across at least two calendar months [18].
E4del is a Node.js RAT wrapped in a digitally signed Electron application that pretends to be Discord [5]. It runs commands through persistent or temporary shells, takes screenshots, streams the desktop over WebSockets, and downloads and executes further payloads [6]. SOCRadar also references a Node.js module named crypto32.node that attempts privilege escalation but which the researchers could not obtain for analysis, so that part of the capability set is asserted rather than examined [20].
PINHOLE is the more careful of the two. It takes its C2 configuration from Pinterest pins and SurveyMonkey survey questions, which SOCRadar frames as resilience against takedowns [7]. On the host it keeps a single 4KB section of the payload in memory at a time through shellcode fluctuation, then injects the final assembly into a suspended ApplicationFrameHost.exe using Early Bird APC injection [8]. It supports 14 commands, including file enumeration, upload and download, command execution, process management, screenshots, and a module for lifting browser-stored credentials [9].
Scale is small so far. At the time of analysis the PINHOLE script had logged only 11 execution events, which SOCRadar reads as an early-stage campaign [16].
The honest caveat comes from the researchers themselves: they call FTP banners a novel alternative but less stealthy than web-based dead drops on X, GitHub or YouTube, because those services provide cover through high-volume expected traffic while FTP connections to unknown servers stand out [10][11]. That holds only for networks that actually record outbound FTP and retain the greeting string. Netflow that notes a session to port 21 and nothing else will not show you the command, and blocklists built around web dead drops will not fire at all.
What to watch: whether the technique migrates into ClickFix-style lures, which SOCRadar says it could be adapted for easily [19], and whether PINHOLE's execution counter climbs past 11 [16]. SOCRadar's report includes indicators for both the infrastructure and infected hosts [17].
Clarity's read
What the record supports and how the coverage leans. The claims behind it follow.
Reality
- Evidence58
- Adoption24
- Hype gap+18
- Incentives62
- Confidence60
Claim ledger
Ranked by verification strength, evidence, and original report placement.
- [1]
Threat actors are abusing FTP banners to hide commands that deliver two previously undocumented remote access trojans named E4del and PINHOLE.
- [2]
MalwareHunterTeam observed the technique in July in an attack that used shortcut files (.LNK) and FTP server banners as dead-drop resolvers to retrieve commands.
- [3]
SOCRadar says the observed attacks start with a ZIP archive that triggers an LNK-based infection chain, and that the initial compromise likely occurs through phishing.
- [4]
The infection chain delivers E4del and PINHOLE via two distinct infection routes, both retrieving a PowerShell script from FTP banners.
- [5]
E4del is a Node.js-based RAT packaged inside a digitally signed Electron application that masquerades as Discord.
- [6]
E4del supports running commands through persistent or temporary shells, capturing screenshots, streaming the desktop over WebSockets, and downloading and executing additional payloads.
- [7]
PINHOLE retrieves its C2 configuration from Pinterest pins and SurveyMonkey survey questions, a tactic that offers versatility and resilience to take-downs.
- [8]
PINHOLE leaves a minimal host footprint, using shellcode fluctuation to keep only one 4KB section of the payload in memory at a time, and injecting the final assembly into a suspended ApplicationFrameHost.exe process via Early Bird APC injection.
- [9]
PINHOLE supports 14 commands, including file enumeration, uploading and downloading files, command execution, process management, capturing screenshots, and deploying a module for stealing credentials stored in browsers.
- [10]
SOCRadar says that abusing FTP banners is less stealthy than traditional web-based dead-drop resolvers such as X, GitHub or YouTube, because FTP connections to unknown servers are more likely to stand out.
- [11]
SOCRadar: "While threat actors typically utilize legitimate web services, such as X, GitHub, or YouTube, to provide cover through high-volume, expected network traffic, FTP banners represent a novel alternative."
- [12]
FTP banners are text strings the server uses as a greeting message for connecting hosts before they log in.
- [13]
By embedding commands in the initial response sent when a compromised system connects to an FTP server, a malware stager can receive instructions from a remote server.
- [14]
After discovering FTP banners delivering malicious commands during an investigation, researchers at threat intelligence platform SOCRadar expanded their hunt and found the technique remains in use.
- [15]
SOCRadar: "By utilizing FOFA searches, we determined that this technique has been weaponized since early July 2026 and remains operational, with new infrastructure observed as recently as August 2026."
- [16]
At the time of analysis, the PINHOLE script counted only 11 execution events, suggesting the campaign was in an early stage.
- [17]
SOCRadar's report provides indicators of compromise that could help defenders identify the malicious infrastructure as well as infected machines on the network.
- [18]
The FTP banner infrastructure has remained operational across at least two calendar months, July 2026 through August 2026.
- [19]
SOCRadar researchers note the technique is very versatile and could "easily" be adapted for ClickFix social engineering campaigns.
- [20]
SOCRadar mentions a Node.js module named crypto32.node that attempts privilege escalation, but the researchers could not retrieve it for analysis.
Sources
2 independent publishers whose own reporting we read for this story.
- bleepingcomputer.comHackers abuse FTP server banners to deliver new Windows malware
1 article · August 21, 2026
- scworld.comAttackers use FTP banners to hide new E4del and PINHOLE RATs
1 article · August 21, 2026
Topics and entities
Topics
- Dead-Drop Resolvers
- Code Signing and Electron App Abuse
- Threat Intelligence Research Disclosure
- Phishing and LNK Infection Chains
- Remote Access Trojans
- Windows Endpoint Evasion